Forelimb Amputation

Forelimb amputation in dogs is a major surgical procedure that involves removing a dog’s front leg, typically due to injury, tumor, or other medical conditions16. This surgery is usually performed as a last resort when other treatments have failed or are not viable options.

Surgical Procedure

The surgery is typically performed with the dog in lateral recumbency, with the affected limb on top6. Key steps include:

1. A teardrop-shaped skin incision around the limb
2. Careful dissection of muscles and ligaments
3. Ligation of major blood vessels
4. Removal of the entire front leg along with the shoulder blade (scapulothoracic disarticulation)7

Post-Operative Care and Recovery

Most dogs are hospitalized for several days following surgery9. Key aspects of post-operative care include:

• Pain management
• Wound care and suture removal
• Restricted activity for 2-3 weeks14
• Gradual return to normal activities

Adaptation and Quality of Life

Despite the significant change, most dogs adapt remarkably well to life on three legs:

• 91% of owners reported no change in their dog’s attitude after amputation5
• 88% reported complete or nearly complete return to pre-amputation quality of life5
• 78% indicated the dog’s recovery and adaptation were better than expected5

Biomechanical Changes

Forelimb amputation leads to several biomechanical adjustments:

• Increased vertical, braking, and propulsion forces on the remaining limbs10
• Higher pressure and larger paw surface area on the remaining forelimb10
• Altered center of pressure pathway10

Long-Term Considerations

While most dogs adapt well, there are some long-term considerations:

• Increased risk of arthritis or muscle strain in the remaining limbs11
• Potential for back pain due to altered gait11
• Need for weight management to reduce stress on remaining limbs5

Rehabilitation

Physical therapy can play a crucial role in recovery, helping to:

• Improve balance and stability
• Strengthen remaining limbs
• Reduce pain and discomfort8

In conclusion, while forelimb amputation is a major surgery, most dogs adapt well and can maintain a good quality of life with proper care and support from their owners.